Su Shi

Su Shi (1037-1101), a writer, calligrapher, painter and gourmet in the Northern Song Dynasty. His courtesy name is Zizhan and his nickname is Dongpo Jushi. Han nationality, Sichuan native, buried in Yingchang (now Jiaxian County, Pingdingshan City, Henan Province). He had a bumpy official career throughout his life, but he was knowledgeable and talented. He was excellent in poetry, calligraphy and painting. His writing is unbridled, clear and fluent, and together with Ouyang Xiu, he is called Ou Su, one of the "Eight Great Masters of the Tang and Song Dynasties"; his poems are fresh and bold, good at using exaggeration and metaphor, and his artistic expression is unique. Together with Huang Tingjian, he is called Su Huang; his poetry is bold and unrestrained, and has a huge influence on later generations. Xiang, together with Xin Qiji, is known as Su Xin; he is good at calligraphy in running script and regular script, can create his own ideas, and his brushwork is rich and ups and downs, with an innocent and unrestrained interest. Together with Huang Tingjian, Mi Fu, and Cai Xiang, he is known as the four masters of the Song Dynasty. He is the author of "The Complete Works of Su Dongpo" and "Su Dongpo Yuefu".

Anecdotes: Foyin

(1) Su Shi was a great talent, and Foyin was an eminent monk. They often practiced Zen and meditated together. Foyin was honest and always bullied by Su Shi. Su Shi was sometimes very happy when he took advantage. When he got home, he liked to talk to his talented sister Su Xiaomei.
One day, the two of them meditated together again. Su Shi asked, "What do you think I look like?" Foyin said, "I think you look like a Buddha." Su Shi laughed and said to Foyin, "Do you know what I think you look like sitting there? Just like a pile of cow dung." This time, Foyin suffered the disadvantage of being dumb again.
Su Shi showed off this matter in front of Su Xiaomei when he returned home.
Su Xiaomei sneered and said to her brother: "You are still practicing Zen with your understanding. Do you know what is the most important thing for Zen practitioners? It is to see the mind and nature. What is in your heart is in your eyes. If the Buddha's seal says that you look like a Buddha, it means that he has a Buddha in his heart; if you say that the Buddha's seal looks like cow dung, think about what is in your heart!"

(2) Su Dongpo and Huang Tingjian live in Jinshan Temple. One day, they made bread to eat. The two of them agreed not to tell the monk Foyin in the temple about making cakes this time. After a while, the cake was cooked. After counting the number, they first presented the cake to the seat of Guanyin Bodhisattva, bowed diligently, and prayed. Unexpectedly, the Buddha's seal had been hidden in the divine tent in advance. While the two were kneeling to pray, they reached out and stole two pieces of bread. After Su Shi paid his respects, he stood up and saw that two pieces of cake were missing. He knelt down and prayed again, "Guanyin Bodhisattva is so powerful. He ate two pieces of cake. Why don't you come out to meet him?" Foyin replied in the tent: "If I have some food, I will make a few pieces with you. How dare I bother you in vain?"

(3) Su Dongpo was in Hangzhou and liked to make friends with the monks of the West Lake Temple. He was the best friend with the monk Foyin of Jinshan Temple. The two of them often joked while drinking and reciting poems.
Monk Foyin was delicious. Whenever Su Dongpo entertained guests at banquets, he always came uninvited. One night, Su Dongpo invited Huang Tingjian to visit the West Lake. There were a lot of wine and food on the boat. As the cruise ship left the shore, Su Dongpo smiled and said to Huang Tingjian: "Foyin has to come to every party. Tonight we will take a boat to the lake to drink and recite poems and have a good time. He will not be able to come anyway." Unexpectedly, Monk Foyin had found out that Su Dongpo and Huang Tingjian were going to travel to the lake, so he hid under the cabin board before they got on the boat.
The bright moon was in the sky, the cool breeze was refreshing, the fragrance of lotus filled the lake, and the cruise ship slowly came to the Three Pagodas of West Lake. Su Dongpo held the wine glass, twirled his beard, and said happily to Huang Tingjian: "There is no Buddha seal today, so we are quite quiet. Let's start with a drinking order. The first two sentences should use the word "Ji Jing", and the last two sentences should end with the word " "." Huang Tingjian said: "Okay!" Su Dongpo said first: "The floating clouds parted, and the bright moon came out. What can God say? What can God say? "Huang Tingjian looked at the lotus in the lake, and then said: "Pull the lotus leaves aside, and the fish will come out, and they will find their place!"
At this time, the Buddha seal could no longer bear it. After hearing Huang Tingjian's words, he pushed the ship's plank away and climbed out. It's so frustrating! It's so frustrating! "
Su Dongpo and Huang Tingjian were startled when they saw a man crawling out from under the boat. When they looked carefully, they saw that it was Foyin. They couldn't help laughing when they heard him say these four lines of poetry.
Su Dongpo took the Buddha's seal and sat down, saying: "You hid it well, and you did it well. You finally got it again today!" So the three of them admired the moon and went to the lake, talking and laughing.

(4) One evening, Dongpo and his friend, the monk Foyin, were boating on the river. It is late autumn, the golden wind is rustling, the water is sparkling, and the scenery on both sides of the river is charming. While drinking, Foyin asked Dongpo for a sentence. Su Dongpo looked towards the shore, pointed with his hand, and smiled without saying anything. Foyin looked around and saw a big yellow dog on the shore, gnawing at the bones hungrily. Foyin knew that Su Dongpo was joking, so he laughed and threw the folding fan inscribed with Su Dongpo's poem into the water. The two of them understood each other tacitly, holding hands and laughing. It turned out that they had made a double entender dummy couplet.
The first couplet of Dongpo is: Dog gnaws (monk's) bones on the river. The second couplet of Buddha's seal is: Flowing Water Dongpo Poetry (Corpse) ▲



Anecdote: Reciting poems for banquets
When Su Shi was twenty years old, he went to the capital for scientific examination. There were six arrogant people who looked down upon him and decided to invite Su Shi to a banquet with the intention of teasing him. Su Shi went happily after accepting the invitation. Before taking the table and not using chopsticks, everyone proposed a drinking order. The content of the drinking order must quote historical figures and events, so that you can eat a plate of food alone. The other five people roared with cheers. "I'll come first." The older one said, "Jiang Ziya fishes on the Weishui River!" After saying that, he took away a plate of fish. "Qin Shubao sells horses in Chang'an." The second man took away the horse meat with dignity. "Su Ziqing Beihu Shepherd." The third person took the mutton without showing any signs of weakness. "Zhang Yide sells meat in Zhuo County." The fourth one hurriedly reached out and grabbed the meat. "Guan Yunchang scraped the bones from Jingzhou." The fifth one couldn't wait to snatch the bones. "Zhuge Liang grows vegetables in Longzhong." The sixth arrogantly picked up the last piece of vegetables. When all the dishes were finished, the six Juren were happily preparing to eat and laugh at Su Shi, but Su Shi calmly chanted: "Qin Shihuang annexed the six countries!" After speaking, he brought all six dishes in front of him and said with a smile: "Brothers, please come!" The Six Juren were dumbfounded. ▲


Character’s life

Early life experience
Su Shi was born in Meishan, Meizhou, on December 19, the third year of Jingyou's reign (January 8, 1037), the reign of Emperor Renzong of the Song Dynasty. He was the successor of Su Weiwei, a minister of the early Tang Dynasty. Su Shi's grandfather was Su Xu, whose cousin was Zhongxian, and his grandmother was Shi. Su Shi's father, Su Xun, is the "Su Laoquan" mentioned in the "Three Character Classic" who "started to work hard at twenty-seven." Although Su Xun started working late, he worked hard. Su Shi's name "Shi" originally means the handrail in front of the car, which means that he is unknown but indispensable to help people in danger and rescue people in distress. Su Shi was open-minded and straightforward by nature, and was deeply influenced by Taoism. Good friends, good food, many delicious food creations, good tea, and elegant travels in the mountains and forests.

Going to Beijing to take the exam
In the first year of Jiayou (1056), Su Shi left Sichuan for the first time to go to Beijing to take part in the imperial examination. Su Xun took the 21-year-old Su Shi and the 19-year-old Su Zhe from the remote Xishu area eastward along the Yangtze River, and went to Beijing to take the exam in the second year of Jiayou (1057). The chief examiner at that time was Ouyang Xiu, a leader in the literary world, and the junior examiner was Mei Yaochen, a veteran in poetry circles. These two people were determined to innovate poetry, and Su Shi's fresh and free style of writing suddenly shocked them. The topic of the policy paper was "On the Perfection of Honesty in Punishments and Rewards". Su Shi's "On the Perfection of Honesty in Punishments and Rewards" was appreciated by the examiner Ouyang Xiu. However, Ouyang Xiu mistakenly believed that it was written by his disciple Zeng Gong. In order to avoid suspicion, he had to take second place. Su Shi wrote in the article: "Gaotao was a scholar who would kill people. Gao Tao said to kill three people, Yao said to forgive three people." Dukes Ou and Mei admired his article, but they didn't know the source of these sentences. When Su Shi thanked him, he asked Shi Shi about this, and Su Shi replied: "Why do you need to know the source?" After Ouyang Xiu heard this, he couldn't help but admire Su Shi's boldness and innovation, and he also foresaw Su Shi's future: "This is It can be said that if a person is good at reading and using books, his articles will be unique in the world in the future. "

Famous in the capital
Under Ouyang Xiu's repeated praise, Su Shi became famous for a while. Whenever he has a new work, it will be spread throughout the capital immediately. When the father and son became famous in the capital and were about to show off their talents, the sad news suddenly came that Su Shi and Su Che's mother had died of illness. The two brothers returned to their hometown for the funeral with their father. In October of the fourth year of Jiayou's reign, he returned to Beijing after the mourning period. In the sixth year of Jiayou's reign (1061), Su Shi took the high school examination, commonly known as the "Three Years of Beijing Examination", and entered the third class, becoming the "No. 1 in a century". Four years later, he was sentenced to Wenguyuan. In the second year of Zhiping, Su Xun died of illness. Brothers Su Shi and Su Che returned home with their coffins and observed mourning for three years. Three years later, Su Shi returned to the court, and Wang Anshi's reform, which shocked both the government and the public, began. Many of Su Shi's mentors, including Ouyang Xiu, his mentor who admired him at the beginning, were forced to leave Beijing because they opposed the new law and had political disagreements with the new prime minister Wang Anshi. The old rain in the government and the field has withered, and what Su Shi sees in his eyes is no longer the "peaceful world" he saw when he was twenty.

Invite yourself to leave the capital
In the fourth year of Xining (1071), Su Shi wrote a letter discussing the shortcomings of the new law. Wang Anshi was very angry and asked Xie Jing, the censor, to tell Su Shi's faults in front of the emperor. Su Shi then requested to serve in Beijing: from the fourth year to the seventh year of Xining (1074), he was sent to Hangzhou as a general magistrate. In the autumn of the seventh year of Xining, he was transferred to Mizhou (Zhucheng, Shandong) as the magistrate. Innovation eliminates disadvantages and facilitates the people according to the law, which has considerable political achievements.

Wutai Poetry Case
In the second year of Yuanfeng (1079), Su Shi was forty-three years old and was transferred to the post of magistrate of Huzhou. After taking office, he wrote a letter of thanks from Huzhou to the emperor. This was a routine matter, but Su Shi was a poet, and his writing was often emotional. Even in official articles, he could not forget to add a personal touch, saying that he was "stupid and unfit for the times, and it is difficult to accompany newcomers" and "old people do not cause trouble." He may be able to shepherd the common people." These words were taken advantage of by the New Party, which said that he was "fooling the government and arrogant," saying that he was "carrying resentment and anger," "criticizing the public," "harboring evil intentions," mocking the government, being reckless and rude, and being disloyal to the emperor. He deserved to die for such a serious crime. They picked out sentences from a large number of Su Shi's poems that they thought contained sarcastic meanings. For a time, there was a voice against Su Shi in the court. On July 28 of this year, only three months after Su Shi took office, he was arrested by officials from Yushitai and deported to the capital. Dozens of people were implicated. This is the famous "Wutai Poetry Case" in the Northern Song Dynasty (Wutai, the Yushitai, is called Wutai because of the cypress trees planted on it, where crows live all year round).

The huge blow of the Wutai Poetry Case became a turning point in his life. The new parties must put Su Shi to death. Rescue activities were also carried out by both the government and the public. Not only did many elders who had the same political views as Su Shi write letters one after another, but even some knowledgeable people from the reform camp also advised Shenzong not to kill Su Shi. Wang Anshi retired to Jinling at that time, and he also wrote a letter saying: "Is it necessary to kill talented people when there is a holy world?" With everyone's efforts, the poetry case was "settled" because of Wang Anshi. Su Shi was given a lighter sentence and was demoted to Huangzhou (today's Huanggang, Hubei) deputy envoy of regiment training. He was resettled in the state and supervised by local officials. Su Shi spent 103 days in prison and was on the verge of being beheaded several times. Fortunately, during the Northern Song Dynasty, the national policy of not killing scholar-bureaucrats was established during the reign of Taizu Zhao Kuangyin, so Su Shi was able to escape the disaster.

Demoted to Huangzhou
After being released from prison, Su Shi was demoted to Huangzhou (today's Huanggang City, Hubei Province) deputy envoy of regiment training (equivalent to the deputy captain of the modern civil self-defense force). This position is quite humble and has no real power. At this time, Su Shi has become disheartened after this battle. After taking office, Su Shi was in a depressed mood. He visited Chibi Mountain outside Huangzhou City many times and wrote "Chibi Ode", "Later Chibi Ode" and "Nian Nujiao·Chibi Nostalgia" and other timeless masterpieces to express his thoughts and feelings when he was exiled. In his spare time, he led his family to reclaim a piece of sloping land in the east of the city and farm to help supplement their livelihood. It was at this time that he came up with the nickname "Dongpo Jushi".

Resurgence
In 1084 (the seventh year of Yuanfeng), Su Shi left Huangzhou and went to Ruzhou to take office. Due to the long journey and exhaustion from the journey, Su Shi's infant died unfortunately. The road to Ruzhou was far away, and the travel expenses had been exhausted. Coupled with the pain of losing his son, Su Shi wrote to the court, requesting not to go to Ruzhou for the time being, but to live in Changzhou first, which was later approved. When he was about to return south to Changzhou, Shenzong died. The area of ​​Changzhou is intertwined with water networks and has beautiful scenery. Living in Changzhou, he had no worries about hunger and cold, and could enjoy the beautiful scenery. Moreover, he was far away from the political disputes in the capital, and could get along with his family and many friends day and night. So Su Dongpo finally chose Changzhou as his final place.

In 1085, Zhezong of the Song Dynasty came to the throne. Empress Dowager Gao took charge of the government in the name of Zhezong's young age. Sima Guang was re-appointed as prime minister, and the new party headed by Wang Anshi was suppressed. Su Shi returned to the imperial court and became the official of Zhidengzhou (Penglai). Four months later, the doctor of the Ministry of Rites was summoned back to the court. In the first half of the morning, he was promoted to Jusheren. Three months later, he was promoted to Zhongshusheren. Soon after, he was promoted to Hanlin bachelor to know the imperial edict and the tribute of the Ministry of Rites. When Su Shi saw that the emerging forces were desperately suppressing the figures in Wang Anshi's group and abolishing the new laws, he believed that they were just the same as the so-called "royal party" and once again made suggestions to the emperor. He criticized the corruption that had been exposed after the old party came to power. As a result, he aroused strong opposition from conservative forces, and was falsely accused and framed. At this point, Su Shi could neither be tolerated by the new party nor forgiven by the old party, so he once again asked for external support.

Building Su Dike
In the fourth year of Yuanyou (1089), Su Shi was appointed as the bachelor of Longtuge and learned about Hangzhou. Since the West Lake has not been dredged for a long time, more than half of it has been silted up. "The flat lake in Kuotai has been overgrown for a long time, and the people are still withered after a good year." The lake gradually dried up and the lake was covered with weeds, which seriously affected agricultural production. The second year after he came to Hangzhou, Su Shi led a crowd to dredge the West Lake, mobilized more than 200,000 migrant workers, fired Fengtian, restored the old view, and built three pagodas (today's Three Pools Reflecting the Moon) in the deepest part of the lake as a symbol. He gathered the excavated silt and built a long embankment across the West Lake. The embankment was connected by six bridges for the convenience of pedestrians. Later generations named it "Sugong Embankment", or "Su Embankment" for short. In the early morning of spring, Sudi is surrounded by willows, shimmering shadows, and birds singing. It is one of the ten famous sceneries of the West Lake, "Spring Dawn on Sudi".

"Su embankments are built everywhere on the east slope." Su Shi built three embankments in his life. When Su Shi was demoted to Yingzhou (now Fuyang, Anhui), Yingzhou West Lake was also dredged and embankments built. In the first year of Shaosheng (1094), Su Shi was demoted to deputy envoy of the Yuanning Army and settled in Huizhou (now Huiyang, Guangdong). Su Shi, who was nearly 60 years old, traveled all the way day and night to the demolition office and was warmly welcomed by the people of Lingnan. Su Shi took out the gold rewarded by the emperor and donated it to dredge the West Lake and build a long embankment. For this reason, "the elders gathered together, and they had no time to carry the pots and pots. They drank for three days and killed all the chickens in the west of the village." People celebrated endlessly. Today, this Sudi is at the entrance of Huizhou West Lake, like a green belt, crossing the center of the lake, dividing the lake into two, with Pinghu on the right and Fenghu on the left.

Living in Danzhou
Su Shi lived very comfortably in Hangzhou, compared with Bai Juyi in the Tang Dynasty. But in the sixth year of Yuanyou (1091), he was recalled to the court. However, due to political differences soon after, he was transferred to Yingzhou as the magistrate in August of the sixth year of Yuanyou, Yangzhou in February of the seventh year of Yuanyou (1092), and Dingzhou in September of the eighth year of Yuanyou (1093). Empress Dowager Gao died in the eighth year of Yuanyou, Zhezong came to power, and the New Party came to power again. In June of the first year of Shaosheng (1094), he was appointed deputy envoy of Ningyuan Army and was demoted to Huiyang (today's Huizhou City, Guangdong) again.

In the fourth year of Shaosheng's reign (1097), the 62-year-old Su Shi was sent by a lone boat to Danzhou, Hainan Island (today's Dan County, Hainan), a desolate place near the border. It is said that in the Song Dynasty, banishment to Hainan was a punishment only slightly lighter than the crime of execution. He regards Danzhou as his second hometown, "I am a Dan'er family, parasitic in Western Shuzhou." He set up a school here and introduced the style of study, so many people traveled thousands of miles to Danzhou to learn from Su Shi. During the more than 100 years of the Song Dynasty, no one in Hainan had ever passed the Jinshi examination. But not long after Su Shi returned to the north, Jiang Tangzuo here paid tribute from his hometown. For this reason, Su Shi wrote a poem: "The sea has never cut off the earth's veins, and Zhuya is unprecedented." People have always regarded Su Shi as the pioneer and sower of Danzhou culture, and they have deep respect for him. Dongpo Village, Dongpo Well, Dongpo Field, Dongpo Road, Dongpo Bridge, Dongpo Hat, etc. that have been passed down to this day in Danzhou express people's remembrance, and even the language has a "Dongpo dialect".

Final ending
After Huizong came to the throne, Su Shi was transferred to Lianzhou for resettlement, Shuzhou Tuanlian deputy envoy, and Yongzhou resettlement. An amnesty was granted in April of the third year of Yuanfu (1100), and he was reinstated as Chaofenglang. On his way back north, he died in Changzhou (now Jiangsu) on July 28th (August 24, 1101) of the first year of Jianzhong's reign. He was buried in Jiacheng County, Ruzhou (now Jiaxian County, Henan Province) at the age of sixty-five. Su Shi left a will and was buried in Shangruili, Juntai Township, Jiacheng County, Ruzhou. The following year, his son Su Guo followed his instructions and transported his father's coffin to Jiacheng County for burial. After Emperor Gaozong of the Song Dynasty ascended the throne, he posthumously awarded Su Shi the title of Grand Master and the posthumous title of "Wenzhong". ▲


Reference materials:
1. Zhang Duanyi's "Gui Er Collection" Volume 1 2, Lin Yutang et al. "The Biography of Su Dongpo" 3. "Dongpo Shi Lei"

Anecdote: Dongpo Meat
Su Shi was a famous writer in the Northern Song Dynasty in my country. Not only did he have profound attainments in poetry and calligraphy, but he could also be called a gourmet in ancient my country. He was also very good at cooking dishes. He was especially good at making braised pork. Su Shi's braised pork was first created in Xuzhou, further improved in Huangzhou, and became famous throughout the country in Hangzhou. There are many legends about the origin of the name Dongpo Pork, one of which is:

It is said that Su Dongpo cooked "Dongpo Pork" in three places: Xuzhou, Huangzhou and Hangzhou. When he was the magistrate of Xuzhou, he led the people to fight floods and build embankments to protect the city. The people slaughtered pigs and sheep one after another to express condolences to the government. Dongpo couldn't refuse, so after accepting the offer, he personally instructed his family to cook braised pork and gave it back to the people. After eating, everyone felt that the meat was fat but not greasy, crispy and fragrant, and unanimously called it "reward meat".

On February 1, the third year of Yuanfeng (1080), Su Shi was banished to Huangzhou. Seeing that the price of pork in Huangzhou was low but people didn't eat it much, he cooked the pork himself. One time, he got excited about eating and composed an impromptu limerick called "Pork Eating Poem". The poem said: "The good pork in Huangzhou is as cheap as dung. The rich refuse to eat it, and the poor don't know how to cook it. It is beautiful when the fire is slow, with little water, and the fire is sufficient. Come and make a bowl every morning, and you will be so full that your family will not care." This poem was passed down to ten people, and people began to rush to imitate it, and nicknamed this dish "Dongpo Pork". When Su Dongpo was the second governor of Hangzhou, he organized migrant workers to dredge the West Lake, build embankments and bridges, so that the West Lake, which was mostly covered by grass, could regain its former beauty. The people of Hangzhou were very grateful to him. During the New Year, they would carry pigs and wine to pay him New Year greetings. After Su Dongpo received it, he instructed his family to cut the meat into cubes, cook it until it was red and crispy and mellow, and gave it to the migrant workers who participated in dredging the West Lake. Everyone was amazed after eating it, so the reputation of "Dongpo Meat" spread throughout the country. ▲



Family members

Wang Fu
Su Shi’s wife is called Wang Fu, the daughter of Wang Fang, a tribute scholar from Qingshen Township, Meizhou, Sichuan. "She was born at the age of sixteen and returned to Shi." After marrying Su Shi at the age of sixteen, she became Su Shi's right-hand assistant. There is a story of "listening to his words behind the scenes". Su Shi was a broad-minded person and relatively negligent in his dealings with others, so Wang Fu listened quietly behind the screen and informed Su Shi of his suggestions. Su Shi's "Epitaph of His Late Wife Wang's Family" records this story: Shi was talking to guests outside, and Jun stood on the screen to listen to what he said. When he retreated, he would repeat his words: "There is a certain person who often uses two ends of his words, but only what he wants. What is the use of talking to this person?" Someone came to seek a close relationship with Shi, and Jun said: "I'm afraid it won't last long. He is sharp with others, and he will leave quickly." And it turned out to be true. Whenever Su Shi was studying, she would stay with him all day long. If Su Shi occasionally forgot, she would remind him. It can be said that Su Shi was an excellent wife. Wang Fu served his relatives very filially and cared deeply about Su Shi. The two had a deep affection and affection.
Su Shi once wrote Wang Fu's criticism of him:
A certain official lived in Qixia under a big willow tree. There was not enough snow to accumulate on a square foot; when the snow was clear, the graves were several inches high. Shi suspected that this was the place where the ancients hid the elixir and wanted to use it. Lord Chongde, his deceased wife, said, "If my late aunt is here, she will not die." Shi stopped in shame.
In May of the second year of Zhiping (1065), Wang Fu passed away at the age of 27. Su Shi followed his father Su Xun's words and "buried him next to your mother's tomb." He lamented in the epitaph written when Wang Fu moved to the tomb and was buried with Su's mother. He said, "You have to live with your late wife in Jiuyuan, but I can't. What a pity! I will never have a parent to depend on. Although you are gone, what harm does it mean to be a wife? What a pity!" He personally planted 30,000 pine trees on the hilltop where Wang Fu was buried to express his condolences.
Ten years later, in August of Xining, Su Shi had been transferred to Mizhou as magistrate because of his political disagreement with those in power. Su Shi wrote for Wang Fu "Jiangchengzi·Dreams on the Twentieth Day of the First Month of Yimao" for Wang Fu, which is known as the number one memorial poem in history:
Ten years of life and death are blurred, without thinking about it, and unforgettable. Thousands of miles of lonely tomb, no place to speak of desolation. Even if we meet each other, we should not know each other, our faces are covered with dust and our temples are like frost.
At night, I suddenly returned home from a deep dream. I was dressing up outside the small window. They looked at each other without words, only a thousand lines of tears. It is expected that the broken part of the intestines will be cut off every year, on a bright moonlit night, there will be short pines.
After understanding the love story between Su Shi and Wang Fu, and then reading this poem, we can see that the emotions in it are deep and painful.

Wang Runzhi
Su Shi’s second wife was Wang Runzhi, Wang Fu’s cousin, who married Su Shi in the third year after Wang Fu’s death. She is eleven years younger than Su Shi. She has admired Su Shi since she was a child. She is gentle by nature and relies on Su Shi everywhere. Wang Runzhi accompanied Su Shi through the most important 25 years of his life. He experienced the Wutai Poetry Case and was demoted to Huangzhou. He shared the joys and sorrows with Su Shi through the ups and downs of his career. During the most difficult time, he and Su Shi picked wild vegetables and plowed the fields barefoot, trying various ways to relieve Su Shi's boredom. On the occasion of Wang Runzhi's birthday, Su Shi released a live fish to bless her and wrote the chronicle "Die Lian Hua". The poem "Three pearls, Wang Wendu on her knees" praises her for treating her three sons equally and loving each other without distinction. Twenty-five years later, Wang Runzhi also died before Su Shi. Su Shi suffered from heartache and wrote a memorial text: "I said goodbye and walked back to Qiuyuan. I once had a lot of beards, but you left me first. Who welcomed me at the door, who gave me the land. What's happened now, my eyes are dry with tears. Traveling to the gate of the country for funeral, I am really unkind. Only "A hundred days after his wife's death, he asked his friend, the great painter Li Longmian, to draw ten images of Arhats, and when he asked the monk to chant sutras for her to transcend into paradise, he dedicated them to his wife's soul. After Su Shi's death, Su Che buried him and Wang Runzhi together, fulfilling the wish of "only the same acupoint" in the memorial text.

Chaoyun
In the seventh year of Xining (1074), Wang Runzhi, the wife of Su Shi who was in Hangzhou, bought Wang Chaoyun from the singing and dancing troupe and took her as a maid. Wang Chaoyun was only twelve years old at that time. When she grew up, probably in Huangzhou, she was taken as a concubine by Su Shi. Su Shi named her "Zixia", and she was 26 years younger than Su Shi. At the age of twenty-two, Dongpo gave birth to a son. Dongpo Lailai was overjoyed to have a son, and said to his friends: "Those with little sleeves in clouds and blue sleeves will give birth to a son every now and then. I want to hear about one of them and give birth to a child." He named the child Su Dun, and his nickname was "Qian'er." Three days after he was born, when he took a bath according to custom, he wrote "Xi'er Plays": "Everyone raises a son hoping to be smart, but I have been misled by my wisdom all my life. I hope that the child will be stupid and careless, and he will be able to be a minister without any disaster." But something unexpected happened, and Gan'er died of illness when he was eleven months old. He cried: "I was forty-nine years old when I was traveling abroad and lost my youngest son. The youngest son was really my son, and he already looked like me at the corner of my eyebrows. I didn't expect to see what I wanted, so I hurriedly chased the book and history. I shook my head but felt pear chestnuts, as if I knew it, but it was shameful. I am always happy, and I am happy with this smile. Suddenly taken away, I am tired of bad karma. The salary and salary are free from vulgarity, and it takes only a moment to disappear. When I come back, my arms are empty, and my old tears are like tears. My tears can still be wiped away, and I will forget them when the sun is gone. My clothes are still hanging, and my breasts have flowed out of the bed. I feel like I have forgotten my life, and I have been lying in bed all day. "He also writes about Chaoyun's sadness: "I can still wipe away my tears, but I can't hear my mother's cry when the sun is gone. I want to die with you, so my clothes are still hanging, and my breasts have flowed out of bed. I feel like I want to forget my life, and I lie down all day long..."
When Su Shi was in the most difficult situation, all the concubines around him left one after another, but Wang Chaoyun stayed with him all the time. She was Su Shi's confidante. Su Shi wrote the most poems to Wang Chaoyun, calling her "The Goddess Vimalakirti". It is said that when Su Dongpo was demoted to Huizhou, Wang Chaoyun often sang the lyrics of "Butterfly Loves Flowers" to relieve Su Shi's depression. Whenever Chaoyun sings "there are few willow trees blowing on the branches", he hides his melancholy, becomes overwhelmed with sadness, and stops crying. Dongpo asked why, Chao Yun replied: "What I can't do (finished singing) is that there is no fragrant grass sentence anywhere in the world." Su Shi laughed: "I am sad for autumn, and you are sad for spring again!" Unfortunately, Chaoyun also died of illness in Huizhou before Su Shi. After Chaoyun passed away, Su Shi "never heard this word again for the rest of his life" and remained a widower. In accordance with Chaoyun's last wish, Su Shi buried him in the pine forest under the Great Sacred Pagoda of Qi Zen Temple at the south foot of Gushan Mountain in West Lake, Huizhou. He built a Liuru Pavilion beside the tomb to commemorate him. He wrote a couplet: "Untimely, only Chaoyun can recognize me; I play ancient tunes alone, and I miss you even more every time it rains." There is a famous allusion in this couplet: "Dongpo retired from the court one day and finished eating. He walked slowly around his belly and asked the waiter: 'What do you think of this?' A servant suddenly said: 'It's all articles', but Poe didn't think so. Another person said: 'It's full of knowledge'. Po also didn't think so. When he came to Chaoyun, he said: "A scholar's belly is not suitable for the time." ’ Poe laughed heartily. "
Qin Guan also wrote a poem "Nan Gezi/Nan Kezi" for Chaoyun:
The mist is confusing the spring state, and the melting light is charming. When will it be easy to fall into Wuyang? I am afraid that you will be the king of Xiang in the previous life. (I am afraid that you will be the king of Xiang in the previous life. One work: Only for the past life of Hanlin)
I am still busy with Qing Yu. I am heartbroken when I return.
The Tomb of Chaoyun is located on the Gushan Mountain in Huizhou West Lake Scenic Area, Huizhou City, Guangdong Province. It has now become a famous place. Su Zhe came to Ruzhou in the first year of Shaosheng (AD 1094). During this period, Su Shi moved south from Dingzhou to Yingzhou and came to Ruzhou to meet his brother. Su Zhe took his brother to visit Ruzhou. Jiacheng County belongs to Ruzhou. It has been known as the Dragon and Phoenix Treasure Land since ancient times, and Huangdi Juntiantai is even more famous. The two brothers climbed to Juntiantai and looked north at Lianhua Mountain. "The shape is like eyebrows", which resembles his hometown of Mount Emei, so it was decided to use this as his final destination. In the first year of Jingguo's reign (AD 1101), Su Shi died in Changzhou and left a will to bury you. The following year, his son Su Guo transported his father's coffin to Jiacheng County for burial. In the second year of Zhenghe (1112 AD), Su Che died in Yingchang (He). Pingdingshan City, Nanjing Province), his son buried him in the same place as Su Shi, called "Er Su Tomb". Su Xun was originally buried in his hometown of Meishan in Meizhou in the 10th year of Zhizheng (AD 1350). In the winter, Yin Yangyun of Jiacheng County paid a visit to Su's tomb and said, "The learning of the two masters was actually taught by his father, Mr. Laoquan. Even though the tombs of Meiru and Meiru are thousands of miles apart, the spirits coming and going will definitely come and go." "So the tomb of Su Xun's clothes was placed to the right of the two tombs. The original two Su tombs became the three Su tombs. In 2006, it was rated as a national key cultural relics protection unit. ▲


Wutai Poetry Case

Case
The Wutai Poetry Case was a literary prison during the Northern Song Dynasty. As a result, Su Shi was arrested and imprisoned in Wutai for four months. Censor Zhongcheng Li Ding, Censor Shu Quan, He Zhengchen and others extracted sentences from Su Shi's "Huzhou Xie Shangbiao" and previous poems, and arrested Su Shi for slandering the New Deal. Su Shi's poems did indeed ridicule current affairs, including problems in the reform process. The case was first reported by the supervisory censor and then tried in Yushitai Prison. The so-called "Wutai" means Yushitai. Because cypress trees are planted all over the official office, it is also called "Baitai". Crows often perch and build nests on the cypress trees, which is called Wutai. Therefore, the case is called the "Wutai Poetry Case".

Archives
Su Shi's "Wutai Poetry Case" archives have been circulated since the Song Dynasty, and there are many manuscripts and publications. Among the several editions we have seen today, the "Dongpo Wutai Poetry Case" in "Hanhai" and the "Wutai Poetry Case" in "Jianhuaan Congshu" are original records of the case, basically preserving the original appearance of the poem case; the "Tiaoxi Yuyincong Hua" version has been deleted and edited according to the requirements for compiling poetry; and the "Xuehai Leibian" version of "Shijian" can be concluded to be a forgery.

Details
In March of the second year of Yuanfeng (1079), Emperor Shenzong of the Song Dynasty, Su Shi transferred his knowledge to Huzhou. The poem incident was caused by "Huzhou Xie Shangbiao" written by Su Shi when he took office in Huzhou. The table says: "Chen Shi said. I was sent to the previous post after being favored, and he arrived at the end of his term on the 20th of this month. It is customary in Fu'an, and there is nothing to do in the southeast. The mountains and rivers are clear, so this court has outstanding talents. Who is Gu Wei, and I would like to choose him. I would like to thank you. Fu Nianchen has a stubborn temperament and a little reputation. His comments are broad and sparse, and his literature is shallow. Everyone must have something, but I have no merit. The emperor of He was wronged and promoted to the two states. He did not want to suffer and was proud of his kindness. He made mistakes and made no achievements. Although the laws are there, there are many sins, but I still know that I am more generous. He is grateful for his talent, but he has nothing to show for it. He meets his majesty in heaven and embraces all kinds of people. He knows that he is stupid and unfit for the time, and it is difficult to follow him. If he is old and does not make trouble, he may be able to adopt the nature of fish and birds. The people of Wu and Yue also obeyed the orders of the ministers. They dared not to obey the law and be diligent in their duties, so as to satisfy the benevolence of the court and the hope of comforting their fathers and elders. "The "new" in Su Shi's words refer to a group of speculators who were introduced during Wang Anshi's reform. The word "causing trouble" has become a common idiom used by conservatives to attack the reformists. These terms naturally hurt those "villains" who still occupy high positions and seek personal gain. The first person to stand up and report Su Shi was Yu Shilixing He Zhengchen, followed closely by Li Ding, a student of Wang Anshi. After being framed by He Zhengchen, Shu Yu, Li Ding and others, Song Shenzong had no choice but to issue an order to hand Su Shi over to the Yushitai, where the "Gen Survey Institute" headed by Li Ding would be responsible for the trial. His writings were more sharp and pointed, and he criticized the poor and weak imperial court. He longed to be restored to peace one day. However, "the world is a big dream. There are several cool autumns in life." Dongpo's flowing clouds and flowing water triggered the Wutai Poetry Case. In this way, an appalling literal inferno was unveiled.
On July 28, the second year of Yuanfeng (1079), Emperor Shenzong of the Song Dynasty, Li Ding and others were ordered to investigate and immediately sent Dr. Taichang Huangfu Zuncai to Huzhou to arrest Su Shi. On August 18, Su Shi was taken to the capital and thrown into Yushitai Prison. During more than two months of "root investigation" trial, Su Shi suffered inhuman torture. The Yushitai was tortured and forced to confess day and night. It was really "I couldn't bear to hear the criticism all night long." Finally, Li Ding and others imposed "four major crimes" on Su Shi and asked Song Shenzong to execute Su Shi.
When Song Shenzong faced the report from Yushitai, he felt really troubled. At that time, Song Taizu Zhao Kuangyin had a will: except for the crime of treason and rebellion, no ministers would be killed. Li Ding and others wanted to put Su Shi to death. Public opinion in both the government and the public was in an uproar, believing that Su Shi had not committed the crime of treason and should not be severely punished. What's even stranger is that upright people from both the old and new factions came forward to rescue him. Due to the pressure of rescue and public opinion from all aspects, Song Shenzong had the idea of ​​​​giving Su Shi a lenient loan and giving him a lighter sentence. In the end, Su Shi was given a lighter sentence and the case was closed with the words "I am grateful to be appointed deputy envoy of Huangzhou Tuanlian". ▲



Main Achievements

Literature
Su Shi’s literary views are in the same vein as Ouyang Xiu, but they emphasize the originality, expressiveness and artistic value of literature. His literary thoughts emphasize "doing something for something", advocating nature, getting rid of constraints, "creating new ideas in laws and regulations, and expressing wonderful principles in boldness". He believes that compositions should reach the artistic realm of "like flowing clouds and flowing water, initially undefined, but always doing what they should do, and always stopping at what they must do. Natural literature and science, full of gestures" ("A Letter of Appreciation to Civil Teachers for Recommending Officials"). Su Shi's prose writings are rich, and he is also known as Han Yu, Liu Zongyuan and Ouyang Xiu. The style of the article is easy and smooth, bold and free.
Shi Dehong's "Postscript to Dongpo (Zuo (xīn) Right Yun) Chilu" said: "His writing is as smooth as water, and it spreads vastly, so its waves will naturally become written." Su Shi and Ouyang Xiu are both called "Ou Su", and they are one of the "Eight Great Masters of the Tang and Song Dynasties".
Su Shi was the leader who presided over the literary world of the Northern Song Dynasty after Ouyang Xiu. He enjoyed a huge reputation among the writers at that time. There were many people who made friends with him or accepted his guidance. Northern Song writers Huang Tingjian, Qin Guan, Chao Buzhi and Zhang Lei were all trained, rewarded and recommended by him, so they were called the Four Scholars of the Su family. The Four Su Clan Scholars, Chen Shidao, and Li Lao were collectively known as the Su Clan Six Gentlemen.
His "Poetry on Liu Zi Hou" said: "Poems must be written with a purpose... Being curious about new things is the disease of poetry." His "Answers to Qiao Sheren Qi" also said: "Articles should be based on style and style, and style and use as the foundation." He advocated that poetry should be promising, with "style and use" as the foundation of writing. In "Reply to Wang Xiangshu", he also said: "The disease of Confucian scholars is that they have more empty prose and less practicality. "
His poem "Sending Li Gongshu to Que" said that his poems were "mixed with satire to explore the beauty of poetry". "History of the Song Dynasty" also said that his poems were "using poems to satirize, and the common people could benefit the country", which all shows that he is Intentionally inheriting the allegorical tradition of Feng and Sao, he also said in "Answers to Mao Pang": "Articles are like gold and jade, each has its own price, and it must be promoted one after another, because its words are believed in the world. As far as its quality is concerned, it cannot be suppressed by one person. "

Poetry
Su Shi's poems have about 2,700 existing ones. His poems are broad in content and diverse in style, but are mainly bold and unrestrained. His writing is vigorous and varied, with a romantic color, which opened up a new path for the development of Song poetry. Ye Xie (also known as Zhou) said in "Original Poems": "Su Shi's poems have opened up a realm that has never been seen before in ancient and modern times. All things in the world, laughter, anger, and curses are inspired by the writing." Zhao Yi's "Oubei Poetry Talk" said: "Using text as poetry, starting from Changli, to Dongpo, the poems are more and more eclectic, unique, and become the grand view of a generation. . . . Especially those who are unattainable. They are born with a strong pen, as refreshing as a mourning pear, and they can be cut quickly. There is a secret that must be reached, and there is no difficulty in showing the emotion. This is why they follow Li and Du, but they are not as good as Li and Du. "His poems are fresh and vigorous, good at using exaggerated metaphors, and have a unique style in artistic expression. A few poems can also reflect the sufferings of the people and accuse the rulers of their luxury and arrogance. Ci Kai is bold and unrestrained, which has a great influence on future generations. "Nian Nujiao·Chibi Nostalgia" and "Shui Diao Ge Tou·Bingchen Mid-Autumn Festival" are widely recited. Poems include "Seven Collections of Dongpo" and so on. There are more than 340 poems written by Su Shi in existence, which break through the narrow themes of love and separation between men and women and have broad social content. Su Shi occupies a special position in the history of Chinese poetry. He expanded the spirit of the poetry innovation movement in the Northern Song Dynasty to the field of Ci, swept away the traditional Ci style since the late Tang Dynasty and the Five Dynasties, and created the Bold and Unconstrained School that stood side by side with the Graceful School. His famous works include "Nian Nujiao", "Shui Diao Ge Tou", etc., which pioneered the bold style of poetry. Together with Xin Qiji, he was also known as "Su Xin". Liu Chenweng said in the "Preface to Xin Jiaxuan's Poems": "The words reach the east slope, and they are upright and upright, like poetry, like the wonders of heaven and earth."
First of all, in terms of subject matter, the early works mainly reflected Su Shi's "specific political worries", while the later works focused on the "broad worries of life". His flowing works triggered the Wutai Poetry Case. Huangzhou's relegation to life made him "the harshness of satire, the sharpness of his writing, as well as his tension and anger, all disappeared. What appeared in their place was a kind of radiant warmth, cordiality and harmony. Sweet and mature, thorough and profound."
Secondly, in terms of culture, Confucianism was respected in the early period, while Taoism and Buddhism were respected in the later period.
In the early stage, he had the social responsibility advocated by Confucianism, and he was deeply concerned about the suffering of the people; in the later stage, especially after being demoted twice, he advocated Taoist culture more and returned to Buddhism in an attempt to gain religious liberation. He was deeply inspired by the Buddhist teaching that "the ordinary mind is the Tao" and lived a real farmer's life in Huangzhou, Huizhou, Danzhou and other places, and enjoyed it.
Thirdly, in terms of style, the early works are majestic and unrestrained, like floods breaking through embankments and rushing thousands of miles; while the later works are ethereal, timeless, simple and light, like the fragrance of deep willows and white pear flowers.
As far as lyrics are concerned, looking at Su Shi's more than 300 lyrics, there are only a few works that are truly bold and bold. According to Mr. Zhu Jinghua's statistics, similar works account for about one-tenth of all Su Shi's lyrics. Most of them were concentrated in Xuzhou, Miss., and were the mainstream of creation during that period. Although these works are not dominant in quantity, they truly reflect Su Shi's mentality of actively pursuing official career during that period. Some of the later works not only have the style of local customs, but also entertain the guests, and are beautiful and charming. Such as chanting objects and romance, describing travels and scenery, feeling nostalgic about the past, giving gifts and leaving farewells, pastoral scenery, talking about Zen and reasoning, they are almost all-encompassing and colorful. This part accounts for about nine out of ten of Su Shi's poems, and there is a strong sense of Zhuangzi turning into a butterfly and forgetting all things and myself. At this point, he has expelled all dissatisfaction with reality and politics, hysterical roars, and needle-point criticism. Its subject matter becomes wider and wider, and its style becomes more and more plain and far-reaching.

Calligraphy
Su Shi is also good at running and regular script, and together with Huang Tingjian, Mi Fu and Cai Xiang, he is known as the "Four Masters of Song Dynasty". He studied famous masters of Jin, Tang and Five Dynasties, and benefited from Wang Sengqian, Li Yong, Xu Hao, Yan Zhenqing and Yang Ningshi, and became his own family and created his own ideas. The writing style is plump and full of emotions, giving it a sense of innocence and innocence. Zi said: "I can't create original ideas in my books"; another said: "I come up with new ideas and do not follow the ancients." Huang Tingjian said of him: "In his early years, he was very good at using the pen, but he was not as good as the elder who gradually became more natural." He also said: "After arriving in Huangzhou, he was very powerful in holding the pen." In his later years, he was also influenced by the overseas turmoil, and his knowledge, mind, and knowledge were outstanding. However, he experienced many ups and downs in his life. His calligraphy style is full of ups and downs, innocent and vast, and you can imagine him as a person by looking at his calligraphy.
At that time, his brothers, nephews, You, Mai, and Guo, and his friends Wang Dingguo and Zhao Lingju all learned from him. Later, historical celebrities such as Li Gang, Han Shizhong, Lu You, Wu Kuan, and Zhang Zhidong in the Qing Dynasty also learned from him, which shows his great influence. Huang Tingjian said in "Valley Collection": "Those who are good at calligraphy in this dynasty should naturally recommend (Su) as the first."
"Huangzhou Cold Food Post" is Su Shi's representative work in running script. This is a poem of joy and excitement, which is the sigh of life written by Su Shi on the Cold Food Festival in the third year after he was demoted to Huangzhou. The poem is desolate and sentimental, expressing Su Shi's melancholy and loneliness at this time. The calligraphy of this poem was inspired by this mood and situation. The calligraphy throughout the text is full of ups and downs, radiant and unrestrained, without any rash strokes. "Huangzhou Cold Food Poems" has a great influence on the history of calligraphy and is full of ups and downs of emotions. Yu Shu of the Yuan Dynasty called it "the third running script in the world" after Wang Xizhi's "Lanting Preface" and Yan Zhenqing's "Nephew Sacrifice Manuscript". It is the best among Su Shi's calligraphy works.
"Huangzhou Cold Food Poems" highlights the momentum and is filled with ups and downs of emotions. The poem is desolate and melancholy, and the calligraphy was inspired by this mood and situation. The whole article is full of ups and downs, fast and steady, full of joy, and completed in one go. Su Shi embodies the changes in mood and emotion in the poems in the changes of pointillism lines, either front or side, changing and disconnecting smoothly, making it natural. The characters are also strange, big or small, sparse or dense, light or heavy, wide or narrow, staggered and scattered, random and strange, and ever-changing.
Because of the praise and praise from various schools, the world collectively called "Han Shi Tie", "Han Shi Tie" "Lanting Preface" by Wang Xizhi of the Eastern Jin Dynasty, and "Manuscript of Sacrifice to My Nephew" by Yan Zhenqing of the Tang Dynasty as "the three major running scripts in the world", or simply called "Han Shi Tie" as "Han Shi Tie". "The third running script in the world." Some people compare the "three major running scripts in the world" and say: "Lanting Preface" is the style of a refined scholar, "Memorial to Nephew" is the style of a wise man, and "Han Shi Tie" is the style of a scholar. They are comparable to each other one after another, each taking the lead. They can be regarded as three milestones in the history of Chinese calligraphy.
Su Shi used his pen calmly in his later years. The representative calligraphy in his early period is "Zhi Ping Tie", which has precise brushwork and charming handwriting. The middle-aged representative is "Huangzhou Cold Food Poems". These poems are two poems written by Su Shi when he was demoted to Huangzhou because of the Wutai Poetry Case in the fifth year of Yuanfeng (1082). The poems are melancholy and desolate yet broad-minded, and the calligraphy brushes and ink colors also change with the changes in the context of the poems, with ups and downs, extraordinary momentum and completeness in one go, reaching an almost perfect state of "smooth heart and hand". Therefore, Yu Shu in the Yuan Dynasty called it "the third running script in the world" after Wang Xizhi's "Lanting Preface" and Yan Zhenqing's "Nephew Sacrifice Manuscript". His representative works in his later years include the running script "Ode to Spring in Dongting" and "Ode to Zhongshan Pine Mash". These two poems are distinguished by their ancient elegance, various gestures and tight structure, which reflect the "short and fat" characteristics of Su Shi's calligraphy. His latest ink mark should be "A Paper with Xie Minshi" (1100).
His representative works include "Poems on Cold Food in Huangzhou", "Dark Clouds in the Sky", "Spring Scenes in Dongting", "Ode on Zhongshan Pine Mash", "Poems on Spring Posts", "Poems on Love of Wine", "Poems on Cold Food", "Poems in Sichuan", "People Come to Get Letters", "Posts in Reply to Civil Teachers", "Posts on the River", "Poems of Li Baixian", "Poetry of Ci Yun Qin Taixu", "Du Hai Tie", "Ji Dao Wenjuan", "Plum Blossom Poetry Tie", "Qian Chibi Fu", "Donwu Tie", "Northern Journey Tie", "New Year's Celebration Tie", "Baoyue Tie", "Lingzi Tie", "To Nangui Envoy Jun Tie", "Ci Biancai Rhyme Poems", "One Night Tie", "Chen Kui Pavilion Stele", "To Ruoxu General Manager's Ruled Letters", "Huai Su's Preface", etc. Su Shi's calligraphy was highly praised by later generations. The person who has the most say is Huang Tingjian. He said in "Valley Collection", "Those who are good at calligraphy in this dynasty should naturally recommend (Su) as the first."

Painting
In terms of painting, Su Shi painted ink bamboo, learning from Wen Tong (i.e. Wen Yuke), with the potential to dance. Mi Fu said that he "made black bamboo from the ground to the top." I asked: Why not divide it section by section? He said: When the bamboo is growing, why does it grow section by section?' He is also good at making dead wood and strange rocks. Mi Fu also said: "The branches of dead wood are curled and curved for no reason; the stones are hard and cracked, and they are also strange and strange for no reason, just like the depression in his chest." It can be seen that his paintings are full of fantasy and far-reaching ideas. He has outstanding views on both calligraphy and painting, and his influence on painting is even more profound. For example, he attaches great importance to spiritual resemblance and believes that "paintings are based on resemblance in form and see children as neighbors". He advocates that there is emotion outside the painting and that the painting should have sustenance, opposes resemblance in form, and opposes the constraints of formula. He advocates "the originality of poetry and painting, craftsmanship and freshness", and clearly puts forward the concept of "scholar painting", etc., and highly praises the artistic attainments of "painting in poetry, poetry in painting". It laid a theoretical foundation for the subsequent development of "literati painting". Existing writings include "Poems about Cold Food in Huangzhou", "Chibi Fu", "Essays in Appreciation to Civil Teachers", "Ji Dao Wen in Honor of Huang", "Previous Chibi Fu", etc. The surviving paintings include "Scroll of Ancient Trees and Strange Rocks" and "Scroll of Bamboo and Stone of Xiaoxiang", which are also his works.
Su Shi made great achievements in many aspects such as poetry, prose, Ci, calligraphy, painting, mind cultivation, Taoism, and natural fasting during the Song Dynasty when there were many talented people. He is a rare literary and artistic genius in Chinese history. ▲



Introduction

Su Shi (January 8, 1037 - August 24, 1101), courtesy name Zizhan, He Zhong (Su Shi ranked second in the ranking, so he was called "Zhong". As for choosing The name "He Zhong" was because Su Xun wanted his son to have a gentle personality (Su Shi had a more impatient personality). Later, his father gave him the name Zizhan, which was more related to his name "Shi" and he wanted his son to be far-sighted. He was also named "Dongpo Jushi" and was known as "Su Dongpo" after his death. Han nationality, from Meishan, Meizhou (now Meishan, Sichuan). The Northern Song Dynasty calligrapher, painter, writer, and gourmet was one of the main representatives of the bold and unconstrained poets. Politically, it belongs to the old party, but it also has demands for reforming bad governance. His writing is unbridled, clear and fluent, and his poems have a wide range of themes and rich content. There are more than 3,900 existing poems.

In terms of articles, he is collectively known as "Ou Su" with Ouyang Xiu, and in terms of lyrics, he is collectively known as "Su Xin" with Xin Qiji. In terms of poetry, he is known as "Su Huang" together with Huang Tingjian. In terms of calligraphy, he "creates new ideas and does not follow the ancients" and creates the "Shangyi" style of calligraphy. His "Huangzhou Cold Food Post" is known as the third running script in the world. He is also known as the Four Masters of Song Dynasty along with Cai Xiang, Huang Tingjian and Mi Fu. In painting, he is good at painting dead wood, bamboo and stone. He opposes the constraints of formula and pays attention to spiritual likeness, which laid a solid foundation for the development of "literati painting" in later generations. Later generations of literati called him "Po Immortal", "Poetic God", "Ci Sage", etc. Together with his father Su Xun and his younger brother Su Zhe, he was one of the eight great families of the Tang and Song Dynasties, collectively known as the "Three Sus".

Su Shi was Su Xun's second son (Su Xun's eldest son died in infancy). In the second year of Jiayou's reign (1057), Su Shi and his younger brother Su Zhe became Jinshi together. He once opposed Wang Anshi in the establishment of new laws and was demoted to Huangzhou. People say: "The three fathers and sons in his family are all great writers." But among the three fathers and sons, Su Shi's achievements are the highest, surpassing Su Xun and Su Zhe. The people of the Qing Dynasty respectfully called them: "One father and son, three poets, four masters of writing throughout the ages." The "three poets" refer to the Su family and his son. "Inscriptions on the West Linbi", "Night Tour of Chengtian Temple", etc.

Su Shi is one of the "Eight Great Masters of the Tang and Song Dynasties" (the eight great masters of the Tang and Song Dynasties: Han Yu, Liu Zongyuan, Ouyang Xiu, Su Xun, Su Shi, Su Che, Wang An). Shi, Zeng Gong)

The founder of the bold style of Song poetry, and also wrote graceful poetry.

The father and son are collectively called "Sansu", and they are all famous politicians. ▲



Anecdote: Dongpo Jelly
According to legend, during the Northern Song Dynasty, the great writer Su Dongpo served as Fengxiang Mansion (today’s Fengxiang County, Shaanxi Province). While signing the book for judgment, I stayed at Fengxiang East Lake to escape the heat. In the hot summer, there was nothing cool and refreshing to eat. So I ordered someone to grind the lentils (also known as lentils) into powder, boil them into a paste, put them in stone vessels, wait for them to cool, cut them into strips, and mix them with salt and vinegar. Chili and other seasonings, because of its refreshing, smooth taste and cooling effect, it was later spread among the people of Fengxiang and was called "Dongpo jelly" in memory of him and has been passed down to this day. Treasure
According to Sun Yuefeng's "Po Xian Food and Drink Record", "Miyunlong" has an extremely sweet taste, and Su Shi regarded it as a treasure. At that time, Su Shi had four proud disciples - Huang Tingjian, Qin Guan, Chao Buzhi and Zhang Lei, known as "Sumen". "Four Bachelors", Su Shi treated him very well. Whenever the Four Bachelors came to visit, Su Shi would ask his concubine Chaoyun to bring out the Miyun Dragon to entertain him. A young man named Liao Zhengyi entered the Su family late, but Su Shi admired his talents and regarded him as a genius. One day, Su Shi He also asked Chaoyun to take out Miyunlong and boil the water to make tea. Su Shi's family thought it must be the Four Scholars, but when they peeked, it was Liao Minglue. Whenever the four famous scholars, Huang Tingjian, and Su Dongpo's best friends came to visit, Su Dongpo would ask Chaoyun's concubine to make Miyunlong tea as a treat, while Liao Zheng of the Song Dynasty would treat her to Miyunlong tea when she came. Among them, Liao Zhengyi probably has the closest relationship with Su Shi, and he is the only one who enjoys the treatment of the four scholars of the Su family. His poem "Xing Xiangzi" is dedicated to Mi Yunlong. > Su Dongpo was an outstanding writer and calligrapher in the Song Dynasty of China. He also had in-depth research on tea tasting, tea cooking, and tea history. Among his poems, there are many famous tea-songs that have been handed down.

The prose "Ye Jia Zhuan" he wrote uses personification to vividly praise the history, efficacy, quality, production and other characteristics of tea. Throughout his life, Su Dongpo traveled to many places due to his appointment or being demoted. Everywhere he went, he left poems on famous tea springs. For example, in the first year of Yuanfeng (AD 1078), when Su Shi was appointed as the prefect of Xuzhou, he wrote "Huanxisha": "I am tired of drinking and want to sleep on the long road. People in high places are thirsty and think about tea. I knock on the door and ask the wild people." It vividly reproduces his expression of wanting tea to quench his thirst. "The two flags under Baiyun Peak are new, greasy green and fresh in the spring of Grain Rain" is a description of Hangzhou's "Baiyun Tea". "Buying out Gu Zhuchun with a thousand pieces of gold, it's like making a fortune with the Yue people" is a praising of Huzhou's "Gu Zhu Purple Bamboo Shoots". Fujian's Heyuan tea is even more highly praised. He wrote in the poem "Ci Yun Cao Fu sent to Heyuan to test roast new tea": The fairy mountain spiritual grass is warm and flowing in the clouds, and the fragrant powder is washed all over the skin. The bright moon comes to cast the jade river, and the breeze blows through the spring of Wulin. You must know that Bingxue has a good heart, and it is not a new look that comes from anointing. Don't laugh when you write a little poem in a play. Good tea is always like a beautiful woman.

Later, people compiled a couplet from another poem by Su Dongpo, "I want to make the West Lake better than the West Lake" and "Always good tea is like a beautiful woman", and displayed them in teahouses, becoming a famous couplet. Su Dongpo had his own unique method of cooking tea. He believed that good tea must be prepared with good water, and "living water must be cooked with living fire." He also gave a vivid description of the temperature of the water for making tea in his poem "Shiyuan Sencha". He said: "The crab's eyes are no longer as old as the fish's, and they are about to sway like the pines in the wind." Use the bubble shape and sound of boiling water to determine how boiling the water is. Su Dongpo was also very particular about tea-making utensils. He believed that "copper and iron are astringent and are not suitable for springs", and it is best to use stones to boil water. It is said that when Su Shi was in Yixing, he personally designed a beam-style purple clay teapot. In order to commemorate him, later generations named this pot style "Dongpo Pot".

Su Dongpo also conducted deep research on the efficacy of tea. In 1073 AD, the sixth year of Xining's reign, when he was serving as a general magistrate in Hangzhou, he took a leave of absence due to illness and visited Jingci and Nanping temples on the lake. In the evening, he went to Gushan to pay a visit to Zen Master Huiqin. He drank several bowls of strong tea in one day, and he didn't realize that he had recovered from his illness. Then he wrote a poem called "Qi Jue" on the Zen master's pink wall: To show his illness, Vimalakirti was not sick, but his spiritual luck at home had forgotten his home. Why does the Emperor of Wei need a pill and seven bowls of tea with Lu? Su Shi also introduced a wonderful method of using tea to protect your teeth in "Qiu Chi Notes": "Tea is indispensable for removing troubles and getting rid of greasiness, but it secretly damages people a lot. I have a method. After every meal, rinse your mouth with strong tea. The greasiness will come out and the spleen and stomach will not notice it. The meat is between the teeth, shrink and fall off, and there will be no trouble and thorns, and the teeth will be so tight. Most people use medium and low-grade tea, and the superior ones are not often found. One sip for several days will not cause harm. This is very reasonable." Su Dongpo's contribution to the history of the development of Chinese tea culture is multi-faceted.